indications

　　1. It can be used for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with general surgery, total hip or knee replacement, long-term bed rest or malignant tumor.

　　2. Used for habitual abortion caused by positive antibodies to lupus.

　　3. It can significantly reduce the incidence of DVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

　　4. Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases and prevention of blood clot formation in hemodialysis.

　　contraindicated

　　1. Patients with bleeding or bleeding tendency (especially due to lack of certain coagulation factors).

　　2. Patients with systemic allergy caused by heparin sodium.

　　3. Thrombocytopenia and positive platelet aggregation reaction caused by heparin sodium in vitro test.

　　4. Acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis.

　　5. Patients with progressive hemorrhagic injury of organs (e.g., progressive gastric and duodenal ulcer).

　　6. Cerebrovascular accident (except with systemic disseminated intravascular coagulation), patients after brain and spinal surgery.

　　7. Positive enoxaparin extracorporeal coagulation test, active digestive ulcer, heparin sodium allergy and stroke (except those caused by systemic embolism) are prohibited.

　　Matters needing attention

　　(1) Liver and renal insufficiency; (2) Uncontrolled severe hypertension; (3) Patients with a history of peptic ulcer.

　　2. Effects of drugs on pregnancy: Heparin sodium should not be used in the first 3 months of pregnancy.

　　3. Protamine can be used as antagonist when heparin sodium is overdosed.

　　4. Heparin sodium is not suitable for intramuscular injection. Platelet count should be performed before administration.

　　5. For severe bleeding, 1mg of protamine and 100U of protamine sulfate can be injected slowly intravenously.

　　Adverse reactions

　　Thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function, and bleeding and ecchymosis at the injection site are seen. Occasional changes of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were observed. It has been reported that the use of heparin sodium during intrathecal epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural catheterization can lead to spinal hemorrhage, which may cause varying degrees of nerve damage, including long-term or permanent paralysis.